Audio Recording Essay -- audio sound

Thomas Edison was answerable for the principal sound chronicle in 1877, utilizing a phonograph to record the impressions into a tin-wrapped chamber. He speedily applied for a patent, and was allowed one the following February. This first model held the field for a couple of years, until 1881, when Charles Tainter in Volta Labs built up the principal horizontal cut records (like the vinyl records we’re acquainted with). Sadly, he had not built up a technique for playback, simply recording. This held until 1885, when Tainter collaborated with Chichester Bell to make vertically-cut chambers covered in wax as the vehicle for the new chronicle practice. These had the appalling drawback of being exceedingly delicate. At last, in 1887 Emile Berliner built up another gramophone utilizing a horizontal cut medium. This technique had the special reward of being effortlessly copied through electroplating. These three models contended in the market until soon thereafter, when Edison built up a battery-controlled rendition of his gramophone. That equivalent year, Berliner built up his methods for large scale manufacturing, duplicating onto hard elastic. All gramophones now had a limit of a couple of moments for every plate. In 1889, the Columbia Phonograph Company was composed (grandpappy to the cutting edge Columbia Music), who was likewise the principal distributer of a music list. The following year saw the handling of the principal jukebox, which pulled in over $1000 (in 1890!) in its initial a half year. 1893 saw the blast of Berliner’s model, to which closes he fused the Berliner Gramophone Co. A couple of years after the fact he found another shellac that demonstrated a superior medium than elastic. Around a similar time, 1894 to be definite, the world saw Marconi’s first radio, which he speedily took to America and... ...han PCM will in general be helpless to information misfortune since they reference the past estimation and just show the change between them. This is commonly tackled by encasing numerous duplicates of the information in a solitary record. In spite of the fact that it opposes presence of mind, it is in reality increasingly effective to record a specific sound byte in ADPCM and encase, say, four duplicates, than it is to encode a solitary PCM duplicate. Sources: Computerized Recording Techniques †http://www.digital-recordings.com/publ/pubrec.html Giancoli, Physics Principles with Applications, 5-E Chapter 12 - Applications †http://cwx.prenhall.com/giancoli/chapter12/essay2/fancy content.html HyperPhysics Concepts - http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/soucon.html Recording Technology History - http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/notes.html Sound - http://www.smgaels.org/material science/sound_1.htm

Dust cloud Essay Example For Students

Residue cloud Essay The universe contains colossal mists made up of extremely a lot of dustandgas. About 6,000,000,000 (billion) years prior, one of these mists started tocondense. Gravitationthe pull that all items known to mankind have forone anotherpulled the gas and residue particles together. As the residue cloudcondensed, it started to turn. It spun quicker and quicker and straightened as itspun. It became formed like a hotcake that is thick at the inside and thinThe gradually turning focus dense to make the sun. Be that as it may, the external partsof the hotcake, or plate, were turning too quick to even think about condensing in one piece. They separated into littler twirls, or whirlpools, which dense independently toThe shaping sun and planets were made up for the most part of gas. They containedmuch a larger number of gas than dust. The earth was far greater than it is currently andprobably gauged 500 fold the amount. The huge assemblage of residue and gas framing the sun crumbled quickly to a muchsmaller size. The weight that came about because of the breakdown caused the sunto become exceptionally hot and to sparkle brilliantly. The recently conceived sun started to warm up the whirling whirlpool of gas and residue thatwas to turn into the earth. The gas extended, and some of it streamed away intospace. The residue that stayed behind then gathered together on the grounds that ofgravity. Despite the fact that the contracting earth produced a great deal of warmth, most ofthis heat was lost into space. Along these lines, the first earth was mostlikely strong, not liquid. This theory was created by a scientest, Harold C. Urey in 1952. It isalso known as the Ureys theory. He demonstrated that methane, smelling salts, andwater are the steady types of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen if an abundance ofhydrogen is available. Vast residue mists, from which the earth formed,contained an incredible overabundance of hydrogen. Book index:

Exploratory Essay Topics About Netfix

Exploratory Essay Topics About NetfixExploratory essay topics about netfix are especially interesting if you are writing a preliminary college essay. Most online colleges do not require such an essay, but if you have to prepare one or your are considering getting into the profession of online colleges or a bachelor's degree program in any college, you may want to consider this topic. It is true that most topics in a preliminary essay are not that interesting and most preliminary essays are not that lengthy, so this is one of the best topics to include as part of your preliminary essay.It is important to note that some syllabus requirements will not allow for exploration of topics like these. If you are not allowed to explore the topic, just make sure that your topic in your syllabus does not have anything to do with the field of education at the college where you are going to be studying. Or if your syllabus allows exploration of exploratory essay topics about netfix, make sure that the exploration doesn't get into the merits of netfix.One great thing about exploring exploratory essay topics about netfix is that it can be done with little planning. You may be studying online to get a bachelor's degree in the field of education, but you may also be studying to earn your master's degree in the field of education. In any case, if you have this type of information, you may want to consider exploring the topic.Of course, you may want to do some more research on netfix, but exploration of it can be done as a set topic that you will use to support other areas of your thesis. To illustrate, let's say that you are writing a thesis in English, and you find that it is all about comparative politics and social science, and you would like to use that information to support some of your other political and social science ideas.In this case, you would be able to explore exploratoryessay topics about netfix by using it to support your thesis in comparative politics and social science. Or you may want to use exploratory essay topics about netfix to argue that you are wrong about the uses of the term netfix in your thesis.Of course, you may need to do some more research to find out what types of interesting topics will work well for you in your future studies. For instance, a particular educational college might only allow exploration of exploratory essay topics about netfix in the context of a particular subject area, but you may find that exploring exploratory essay topics about netfix will help you understand other subjects may be much more interesting.In any case, it is a good idea to explore your idea before you write. The ability to do this can be very beneficial in the future, especially if you choose to be a teacher, or if you plan to write a book or any other document that will be used by a publisher or by someone who is interested in your work.

Double-Helix Structure of DNA

In biology, double helix is a term used to describe the structure of DNA. A DNA double helix consists of two spiral chains of deoxyribonucleic acid. The shape is similar to that of a spiral staircase. DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and  phosphate molecules. The nucleotide bases of DNA represent the stair steps of the staircase, and the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the sides of the staircase. Why Is DNA Twisted? DNA is coiled into chromosomes and tightly packed in the nucleus of our cells. The twisting aspect of DNA is a result of interactions between the molecules that make up DNA and water. The nitrogenous bases that comprise the steps of the twisted staircase are held together by hydrogen bonds. Adenine is bonded with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C). These nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic, meaning that they lack an affinity for water. Since the cell cytoplasm and cytosol contain water-based liquids, the nitrogenous bases want to avoid contact with cell fluids. The sugar and phosphate molecules that form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the molecule are hydrophilic, which means they are water-loving and have an affinity for water. DNA is arranged such that the phosphate and the sugar backbone are on the outside and in contact with fluid, while the nitrogenous bases are in the inner portion of the molecule. In order to further prevent the nitrogenous bases from coming into contact with cell fluid, the molecule twists to reduce space between the nitrogenous bases and the phosphate and sugar strands. The fact that the two DNA strands that form the double helix are anti-parallel helps to twist the molecule as well. Anti-parallel means that the DNA strands run in opposite directions, ensuring that the strands fit tightly together. This reduces the potential for fluid to seep between the bases. DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis The double-helix shape allows for DNA replication and protein synthesis to occur. In these processes, the twisted DNA unwinds and opens to allow a copy of the DNA to be made. In DNA replication, the double helix unwinds and each separated strand is used to synthesize a new strand. As the new strands form, bases are paired together until two double-helix DNA molecules are formed from a single double-helix DNA molecule. DNA replication is required for the processes of mitosis and meiosis to occur. In protein synthesis, the DNA molecule is transcribed to produce an RNA version of the DNA code known as messenger RNA (mRNA). The messenger RNA molecule is then translated to produce proteins. In order for DNA transcription to take place, the DNA double helix must unwind and allow an enzyme called RNA polymerase to transcribe the DNA. RNA is also a nucleic acid but contains the base uracil instead of thymine. In transcription, guanine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with uracil to form the RNA transcript. After transcription, the DNA closes and twists back to its original state. DNA Structure Discovery Dr. Francis Crick and dr. James Watson at a molecular biology symposium. Ted Spiegel  / Contributor  / Getty Images Credit for the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA has been given to James Watson and Francis Crick, awarded a Nobel Prize for their work. Determining the structure of DNA was based in part on the work of many other scientists, including Rosalind Franklin. Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used X-ray diffraction to ascertain clues about the structure of DNA. The X-ray diffraction photo of DNA taken by Franklin, named photograph 51, showed that DNA crystals form an X shape on X-ray film. Molecules with a helical shape have this type of X-shape pattern. Using evidence from Franklins X-ray diffraction study, Watson and Crick revised their earlier proposed triple-helix DNA model to a double-helix model for DNA. Evidence discovered by biochemist Erwin Chargoff helped Watson and Crick discover base-pairing in DNA. Chargoff demonstrated that the concentrations of adenine in DNA are equal to that of thymine, and concentrations of cytosine are equal to guanine. With this information, Watson and Crick were able to determine that the bonding of adenine to thymine (A-T) and cytosine to guanine (C-G) form the steps of the twisted-staircase shape of DNA. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the sides of the staircase. Source: The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA—The Double Helix. Nobelprize.org, Nobel Media AB, 2014, www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html.

Financial Differences Between Houston And Austin - 1336 Words

The following section will present conclusions drawn from my investigation and research related to the questions presented. The financial differences between Houston and already successful cities The financial differences between Houston and Austin vary greatly. The city of Houston currently has 2,284,887 residents while Austin has 931,830. A bigger city such as Houston would need to allocate more money per shelter if it wanted to follow in Austin’s footsteps of $10 million for its shelters. Houston, being the bigger city has more expenses which would make it a difficult decision to allocate more money on such an issue but it takes an investment to receive back. To resolve this issue, it would take a lot of hard work between all parties involved in the possibility that the policy be adapted. However, an increase split between this and funding for the services, would hopefully offset later as less animals come into the shelters, therefore decreasing the funds gradually for other city matters. Houston would benefit from the money being saved from the animals put to death to be used to educate the public instead as an investment in lowering the problem. Resolutions other cities/states are using to take care of the same issue Other cities and states facing this crisis for example include New York City, NY, Jackson, Tennessee, Anchorage, Alaska, Miami, FL and Indianapolis, Indiana. The shelters in these cities especially are extremely overcrowded and are forced to put downShow MoreRelatedProposal For The City Of Houston1840 Words   |  8 PagesPurpose: The purpose of my proposal is to propose a plan for the city of Houston to consider becoming a â€Å"No-Kill City† and adopt â€Å"No-Kill† animal control policy in regards to city run and funded animal shelters. Specifically, if the city council would consider the policy or a trial of it, it could be adapted to fit the city financially and effectively with available resources that would save lives and the city itself money. Summary: The purpose of this proposal is to make aware of a large problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Car Accidents1276 Words   |  6 Pagesdeaths of the drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Which is also why the leading cause of death in children is car accidents. Problem The problem at its core of car accidents is the overcrowding of the roads; which is not only a social issue but a financial issues due to the huge costs that are placed on the public and the government in order to cover an accident; while cost is a term that is more than often used to discuss money, in this instance it will also be used to not only describe money butRead MoreThe Politics Of Texas Citizens1701 Words   |  7 PagesIt is best to work proactively by addressing ethical issues now. 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Significance of Brand Equity- Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Outline the Elements of Brand Equity attained by Andersen Consulting. Answer: Inroduction Brand Equity and Brand positioning are important elements for firms that helps them improve their overall success. The purpose of this report is to outline the elements of brand equity attained by Andersen Consulting and how it has helped the company further its business objectives. The paper will first analyze the initial problems faced by the company, the current state of the company and the efficacy of the solutions used. This information will be useful in the understanding of the company and industry dynamics. It will also offer an analysis of Accenture marketing position and the methods it has used to improve its industry position. The paper will also offer further discussion on alternative solutions and recommendations with regard to the marketing position of these two firms. Overall, the purpose will reveal the important of rebranding and repositioning strategies especially when they are done effectively to improve a firms position in the market place. Problem Identification and Analysis In this case, Arthur Andersen founded a consulting firm. In the development of the firm, it opened up other units that included the administrative services division which was focused on helping clients implement information systems. Further, the division increased its scope of operations and included the research and analysis facilities that would enable clients have access to information which would be useful in its decision making (Hair and Lukas, 2014, 231). Later on the consulting business boomed and the administrative unit became the MICD, the success and identity of the MICD was directly linked to Arthur Andersen. This association was not beneficial to the company since it was difficult to associate it with innovativeness and the creativity that it carried. It therefore gave the company low market visibility. There was therefore a need to rebrand and reposition the companys division. The aim of the company was therefore to increase its brand visibility through an image initiati ve. The aims of the image initiative were to increase awareness, differentiate itself from the IT services companies and create a distance from the accounting heritage and clear positioning of the firm in the market place. Some of the initial methods included changing the company name. They remained with the Anderson mainly due to its brand equity. It also provided a clear positioning of the company since it sued the word consulting. It is important to consider how effective some of these methods were and which alternative solutions would be available to Accenture in improving its brands visibility. It was important for Accenture to improve its overall brand equity in order to reposition itself well in the market place (Hanssens and Yildirim, 2014, 545). Statement of Key Issues Brand Equity Brand Equity is an important component for businesses. It is through which companies obtain their competitive edge. It is made up of an accumulation of a variety of tangible and intangible factors that includes brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand associations which is derived from consumer perceptions and knowledge of the brand (Kim and e Mauborgne, 2014, 67). For Andersen Consulting, there were a number of factors which contributed to its brand equity in the 1990s. First, the company has a unique market position derived from the provision of valued strategic business services as well as IT business solutions. In addition, it was clear that compared to IBM which was seen purely as one that produces IT solutions, Andersen Consulting was seen as providing business insights to clients. The company also engaged in advertising that helped in the promotion of the company image and positioning compared to other professional services companies which chose not to advertise since they viewed the process as inappropriate. For example, the company was the first to launch its advertisements in airports. The company also advertised in print and television (Huang and Sarigll, 2014, 123). It also increased its visibility in corporate sponsorships of athletes and various charities. For example, it supported the World Gold championships and the Van Gogh exh ibit. Also, most customer perceptions with regard to the business considered it as creative, driven and innovative. It became the number one mentioned firm when the term consulting was mentioned. The accounting unit also provided the company with brand equity since they were initially known for providing good services. It also gave them the ability to have a reach to clients whom they had already had business relationships with (Kirzner, 2015). Another factor that contributed to its brand equity was its revenue performance. By 1998, it was amongst the top market leaders with increase in revenues by 20%. It is also clear that the company was also able to increase its brand awareness. Between 1990 and 1993, brand awareness had increased to 79%. The company also hired a PR firm which helped it in performing industry analysis, manipulation of client perceptions and stimulation of public interest. The company also increased its distribution channels. It managed to establish 110 offices in 48 countries with over 100 000 employees and 2000 partners. It is therefore evident that the company satisfied the 4Ps of a marketing mix (Lusch and Vargo, 2014, 36). These 4 Ps helped them in increasing their brand equity over the years. The company used promotion effectively in increasing brand awareness which were tools not being used by companies at the time. In addition, the use of a PR firm was helpful in increasing the publicity of the company especially by engaging it in public events and press publications. The company was also successful in using its initial contacts from the accounting and IT business to continue client relationships in management consulting. In addition, the credibility created by Andersen contributed in the provision of brand equity to the firm. It was therefore a useful move for the company to maintain Andersens name for the firms name since it stimulated client loyalty (Mayer Ottanaviano, 2014, 534). Accentures Brand Equity and Andersen Consulting Brand Equity When Andersen Consulting rebranded in 1999, it helped the company prepare for the change of name to Accenture. Therefore the name Accenture provided the firm with an element of continuity. The name was therefore derived from the initials of Andersen Consulting and the rest were derived from the vision and mission of the company. The new name gave the company increased visibility of its image and direction in terms of the positioning of the firm and its desire to take on a more global market (Mintz, and Currim, 2013, 33). In order to increase brand awareness and reduce brand confusion, the company engaged in an aggressive two phase marketing strategy. The first step involved creative advertising, promotion and public relation methods which aimed to increase brand recognition, brand association and brand recall. This was clear in 2001, when the brand name Accenture was recognized higher than how Andersen Consulting previously was recognized. In addition, the distance created from Arthu r Anderson was timely since it removed any confusion or brand dilution which would be later associated with Anderson especially due to the Enron saga (Sheth and Sisodia, 2015, 87). The brand equity was targeted to increase the global market available to the company at the time and the positioning of the firm to the targeted market. The advertising campaign also helped the company in its advertising strategy. It used the term, Now It gets Interesting, to stimulate interest into what the firm was able to offer to the market in the new wave of change. In addition, the company was able to maintain its already established equity with former clients which gave it the ability to push on further. The advertising campaign increased the revenues of the company by 350%. The company used methods that emphasized that the change of name was merely a change and not that the company was shifting to something else totally new to the consumers (Pavlou and Stewart, 2015, 222). Competition with IBM Accenture had set its position as a firm which provided management and technology consultancy services. The company is therefore ahead of IBM in terms of the management consulting competencies but plays second fiddle in terms of the technical expertise where it is meant to compete with IBM. It is therefore necessary that Accenture aims to increase its technical expertise and forward engagements in management of innovation and provision of clients with creative solutions and implementation of client ideas. The company should therefore aim to increase engagement in terms of service delivery and implementation. The company may also increase its level of credibility by providing incentives to clients in the event certain business objectives were achieved (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). However, the company does have sufficient brand equity in terms of being the first in the industry in the provision of management consultation services. It has also been able to build image and brand equity through aggressive advertising and creating a persona for the organization. In addition, the companys engagement in publicity, the company was a step further than IBM in terms of its brand positioning (Bloom and Van Reenen, 2015, 43). The company may best compete with IBM in terms of increasing their technological expertise and also advertising that business function of the firm. The company may resolve to use their engaged clients to provide them with the opportunity of revealing such competencies. In the event that they manage the technology consultancy well with their present clients, through word of mouth they will be able to increase their market share. Tiger Woods as a Spokesman For the most part Tiger Woods was an effective spokesman for the company. It is important that companies associate with celebrities that identify with their brand. In that period, Tiger Woods was quite a successful athlete and one of the highest paid golf players in the world. The campaign therefore considered some of the personalitys dimensions provided by Tiger Woods as a celebrity spokesman. He demonstrated sincerity, he was down to earth, honest and a cheerful personality. He demonstrated excitement in that he was spirited, imaginative and up to date. He showed competence since he was seen as reliable, intelligent and successful. He also showed sophistication in that he was charming, upper class and good looking. These elements were relatable to the business image which was being built by Accenture. The company wanted to demonstrate itself as being honest to its customers, competent in terms of the services it provides. It also aimed to reveal its youth and dynamism as well as th e desire and ability to succeed in any engagement that it is involved in (De Mooi, 2013). The company therefore aimed to personify its character by looking for a human being who would represent their high performance business strategy that reveals certain sector strengths. Most of the advertisement showed Tiger Woods engaging in high performance competitions that resonated with the ability of the company to deliver high performance in the market place that enable their clients achieve excellent results (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013, 56). It is therefore clear that the company has the ability to accomplish its objectives in identifying with Tiger Woods as a celebrity spokesman for its brand. Conclusion For the most part the companys journey in rebranding and repositioning itself has been quite effective. The company has managed to increase its brand awareness. Through advertising campaigns more people have become aware of the company and the services that it has to offer. The company has been able to increase its level of positioning. it has been able to separate itself from the identity of Arthur and engaged in a dynamic campaign that made the company a global brand. In addition, the company has been able to maintain successful brand relationships with initial clients who have helped to further their brand. The company also managed to achieve its objectives through a celebrity spokesman whose personality and sportsmanship was able to identify with the companys brand of success and delivery. The companys rebranding process reveals that it should be effectively targeted in order to facilitate a win with regard to the objectives that look into achieving the companys identity goals an d positioning in the marketplace. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Bloom, N., Propper, C., Seiler, S. and Van Reenen, J., 2015. The impact of competition on management quality: evidence from public hospitals.The Review of Economic Studies, p.rdu045. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014.Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kim, W.C. and e Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Mayer, T., Melitz, M.J. and Ottaviano, G.I., 2014. Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters.The American Economic Review,104(2), pp.495-536. Mintz, O. and Currim, I.S., 2013. What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), pp.17-40. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Pavlou, P.A. and Stewart, D.W., 2015. Interactive Advertising: A New Conceptual Framework Towards Integrating Elements of the Marketing Mix. InNew Meanings for Marketing in

Test Tube Mystery Lab Report Sample

Test Tube Mystery Lab Report Paper Solubility can be determined through reacting two chemicals together and see if a precipitate is created. Previous knowledge of the solubility rules will help disclose whether two chemicals will or will not create a precipitate. When two chemicals do create a precipitate, it will be easy to determine which chemicals they are. In the end, one chemical will be left over. Safety: Safety is always the first concern in a lab. Prior to the lab, students were asked to identify where the eye wash station was, the fire extinguisher and blanket were, and the safety shower was. When working with chemicals it is essential to wear safety glasses. Since the students were informed of which chemicals were going to be used prior to the experiment, the students should look at the Material Safety Data Sheet to see what safety concerns may come with the chemicals being used. In the experiment, the students worked with acids. To avoid spilling acids on their persons, the students used syringes to control where the acids were going to be placed. Also, at the end of the experiment, students properly disposed of the laboratory waste and washed their hands, washing away any Heimlich that they may have come in contact with. Method: 1. Cuscus is blue. 2. Use litmus paper to find the two acids, HOSES and HCI, and the base, Noah. The litmus paper turned blue for the base and red for the acids. 3. React acids with all of the chemicals to find Cacao and HOSES, which creates a precipitate, while Cacao does not react with HCI. 4. React Noah with the remaining chemicals to find NICE, which creates a rotten-egg-like odor. 5. React HCI with Again to create a white precipitate. 6. BP(NON)2 and HCI creates a white precipitate. 7. BP(NON)2 and SKI creates a yellow precipitate. 8. Nab is the remaining chemical. We will write a custom essay sample on Test Tube Mystery Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Test Tube Mystery Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Test Tube Mystery Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Identifying American Basswood Trees

Identifying American Basswood Trees Tilia is a genus within the Linden family (Tiliacea). This family contains about 30 species of trees that are native throughout most of temperate Northern Hemisphere.  The greatest species diversity of the lindens is found in Asia. It exists only scattered in pockets throughout  Europe and eastern North America. The trees are sometimes  called lime in Britain and linden in parts of Europe and North America. The most common name for the tree in North America is American basswood (Tilia americana),  but there are several varieties with separate names. White basswood (var. heterophylla) is found from Missouri to Alabama. Carolina basswood (var. caroliniana)  is found from Oklahoma to North Carolina and south to Florida. The fast-growing American  basswood  is among the largest trees of eastern and central North America. The tree will often support several trunks off its base, will prolifically sprout from stumps, and is a great seeder. It is an important timber tree in the Great Lakes states. Tilia americana is the northernmost basswood species. Basswood flowers produce an abundance of nectar  from which choice honey is made. In fact, in some parts of its range basswood is known as the bee-tree, and can even be identified by the honey bee traffic.   Basswood Tree Identification Basswoods asymmetrical and lopsided heart-shaped leaf is the largest of all broadleaf trees, nearly as wide as it is long at between 5 and 8 inches. The rich green upper side of the leaf is in contrast to the underleafs paler green to almost-white color. The basswoods  small greenish flowers are uniquely attached and hanging under a pale, leaflike bract. The resulting seeds are in a hard, dry, hairy, nutlike fruit, which is quite visible during the fruiting season. Also, take a close look at the twigs and you will see them zigzag between oval buds with one or two bud scales. This tree should not be confused with the non-native urban basswood called little leaf  linden or Tilia cordata. The leaf of the linden is much smaller than basswood and typically, it is a much smaller tree. Characteristics Leaves: Alternate, broadly ovate, coarsely saw-toothed, notched at the base.Bark: Dark gray and smooth.Fruit: Elliptical nut-like, hard seed.

5 Basic Principles Of Energy Security

5 Basic Principles Of Energy Security Energy security is put in first place among the priorities facing the European Union. Although the problems of ensuring energy security were standing in front of a united Europe from the beginning of the integration process in recent years they have acquired the greatest relevance and importance for the EU. This is due to the fact that today the EU depends 50% on external energy supplies to its market and on the policies pursued by supplier states. In addition, European countries are concerned about the well-known problems with the energy supply for them against the backdrop of turmoil between Russia, as the main EU energy supplier and Belarus and Ukraine, through whose territory the Russian hydrocarbons are delivered to the West. Russian-Ukrainian standoff on the issue of gas prices and transportation is the major concern of EU member states and compel them to talk about the need to diversify energy supplies. Concentrating 7% of world population, more than a quarter of world GDP an d 20% of world trade, the EU has only 2% of the world’s â€Å"black gold† and 4% natural gas. Limitation of its own resource base in Europe accounts for a significant dependence of the EU on external energy supplies. The European natural gas market is the third largest in the world. The volume of gas consumption in EU countries reached 513 billion m3 (21% of world consumption). Russia is the second largest EU oil supplier and provides 33% of the EU â€Å"black gold† needs. The Russian Gazprom is the leader in EU natural gas supplies with 46% of total. If we talk about security of energy supplies, the main task in this area is the energy sectors geographical and resource diversification i.e. the expansion of supply sources, supply routes and pipelines. The EU security in energy sector NABUKO I EU The European Union is seeking to protect self from energy dependence on Russia with diversification of natural gas supplies policy by agreements with non-conventional en ergy suppliers, the Caspian states (Caspian states have only 4-5% of world’s gas reserves). But due to the unreliability of Russian energy supplies through third countries (Belarus and Ukraine) as well as the possibility of using Russian resources as a political tool, transporting Caspian Sea hydrocarbons (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) to the West has acquired great importance to the EU. Improve supply reliability and energy security EU responsible implementation of the Southern Gas Corridor. The planned corridor is composed of three parts: the Trans-Caspian gas pipeline (the project provides for delivery of natural gas from Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan), Baku – Tbilisi – Erzurum (from Azerbaijan through Georgia to Turkey) and Nabucco (from Turkish territory, via Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary Austria). Thus, the reliability of energy supply in Europe is due to the changing geography of supply, increasing the number of exporting countries, th e creation of new infrastructure facilities. In the face of increasing competition from non-traditional suppliers of hydrocarbons Russia is very important to maintain the competitiveness of their energy in the European market, to ensure effective and reliable conditions for their transit to Western Europe.

Is Sex Education Beneficial or Harmful to Teenagers Essay

Is Sex Education Beneficial or Harmful to Teenagers - Essay Example In addition to all this, there is an impulsive drive within the teenagers to engage in forbidden adequate notwithstanding the absence of wisdom and guidance. As a result more harm than good can be done. Opponents of sex education argue against sex education by claiming that this type of education opens kids to ideas that they had not thought about before. They start fantasizing about instead of letting it go by and let things take its own natural course. They start wondering about it, start thinking about its consequences and start treating it as an exception to the norms of the world. As a result, they can become more vulnerable to poor choices regarding sex, poorer than what they would have taken without being informed. A lot of parents also argue against sex education. They feel that sex education takes away the responsibility from the family. At the end of the day, it is the parent’s job to raise their children and the onus is on them how they want to educate their children about sex education. Educating their kids on sex education triggers a bond between them and their children which is lost if the kids assume that school will teach their kids. By education about sex, ma ny opponents feel that schools try to step into the shoes of the family. Sex education can be very healthy for teens. It offers them guidance and prevents teenage pregnancies.

Un-American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Un-American - Essay Example The altered political ideology following the communist expansionism of the ‘Cold War’ had domestic repercussions in American society. The stage was set by F.D. Roosevelt, who conceded control over post-war Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union, granting â€Å"moral legitimization to what Stalin had acquired by sheer force† (Nisbet, qtd. in Maltsev and Simpson, 15). The subsequent race for nuclear supremacy, and the policy of ‘Mutually Assured Destruction,’ â€Å"inspired widespread fear of impending nuclear war† in Americans, who built bomb shelters in their backyards (Foner, 891). This let the â€Å"sweeping tide of anti-communism† (Pike, Global Security organization web site) engulf America. Any criticism of American society was construed to be ‘Un-American.’ Senator McCarthy’s witch-hunts made ‘McCarthyism,’ with its connotation of ‘unsubstantiated accusations of disloyalty’, a dominant theme of the 1950’s. America of the 1950’s witnessed â€Å"the twentieth century’s greatest citizens’ movement – the black struggle for equality† (Foner, 899). The rigid racial boundaries of the previous decade persisted in post-war America. The new suburban landscape was racially segregated, and reinforced by methods, such as ‘block-busting’ (Foner, 863). Jim Crow laws flourished in the South. The American judiciary led the assault on racial discrimination. In 1944, the US Supreme Court ruled racial segregation unconstitutional in public schools. Rosa Parks’ defiance led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 and Martin Luther King burst upon the scene with his charismatic leadership. Despite strong resistance, America’s march towards a truly equal, ethnically integrated society began in earnest. Economically and culturally, the 1950’s gave a new definition to ‘the American way of life.’ Most significantly, â€Å"consumerism replaced economic freedom and democratic participation as central definitions

Marketing changes :: essays research papers

There have been many significant changes within our society. One of this is the changing gender roles within our society and another is the changing attitudes toward health & fitness. Both of these have impacted on consumer preferences or buying habits. Gender roles are no longer as accurate as it once was. There is now a trend of reserved roles. This is due to the continued growth in a number of dual income households. There has been an increase of women in the workforce in the fast few years. Women in the paid workforce spend less time shopping than the stay at home women. They tend to shop in the evenings and on weekends due to their busy schedules. They tend to swap stores which they shop in due to convenience. This happens due to the time constraints but still earning an income they are less likely to be price conscious. The working women are more likely to purchase convenience foods and products and they tend to be brand and store loyal. In this current society women have different material (clothing) needs to the stay at home women versus the working women. Males are now also more involved in purchasing household products. Some men now do their shopping via the internet rather than physically enter the stores. Because they use this type of method it is harder to record their purchasing habits. They have moved away from traditional roles. Women are now taking a greater role in deciding which products to buy. Buying decisions have moved away from being male/husband denominated to become automatic. i.e. many families now have two cars and they tend to make their purchase decision separate. Direct marketers are now targeting time pressured women who use catalogues, telesales and internet sites as ways of shopping may it be for clothing as well as household and family needs. They have also used this method to target men who now also do the shopping. Marketers who are aware of this change have developed changes to their product design and advertising appeal/styles. Some advertisements have been positive and some offending. I.e. Detergent Ads. Marketers are increasingly attempting to cash in on the belief that men are getting in touch with their feminine side. Many businesses have now marketed their services/ products to suit these changing gender roles. One of this is restaurants. Plenty of them now offer home delivery service. There is also an increase in takeaway stores catering for these busy men and women.

Blue White Selection

Blue white selection  is a widely used method in screening recombinants in cloning. This is based on the gene product of lac z gene. The plasmid vectors contain this gene which produces  ? galactosidase  enzyme. When a gene is inserted close to  lac z gene, the reading frame will be distorted and the gene is inactivated. So the transformed cells will not produce this enzyme and are called competent cells. After the recombination, the bacterial cells are grown in a medium containing X gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-? D-galactopyranoside) and  IPTG (Isopropyl ? -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside). IPTG acts as the inducer for lac z gene and enhance the production of ? galactosidase. When it is produced, combines with X gal to form a blue colour complex called  5,5†²-dibromo-4,4†²-dichloro-indigo  which is insoluble. The transformed colonies will appear white in colour and non- transformed cells will appear blue in colour. This method is also called as insertional inactiv ation of lac z gene. Hybridization  techniques are widely used to identify recombinants.This is based on the ability of nucleic acids hybridize with complementary DNA. The transformed cells are transferred on to a  nitrocellulose membrane  which is subjected to cell lysis. The double stranded DNA is converted to single stranded DNA and immobilized on the membrane. Then it is treated with radiolabelled  probes  complementary to target DNA. If the desired DNA is present, the probes will be hybridized which can be detected by autoradiography. Apart from these methods,  immunochemical methods  are used to detect protein products to screen recombinants.

America Needs More Government Programs to Pull Children...

The face of poverty is changing in the United States. When someone mentions that a person is living in poverty, we are inclined to think of a bum living on the street, eating at shelters, and using whatever money they have for alcohol, drugs and tobacco. Usually we visualize this person as being a middle-aged male with drab clothing and a long beard. This description may have fit the average person living in poverty or on the street a few years ago, but it is no longer a correct generalization. Children are the face of poverty in 2015. These children have little chance to rise up out of the lifestyle they are born into. Many of these children are born to teenage girls. The economic states of these mothers and their lifestyles many times†¦show more content†¦Some people are born into stable families, so they have m ore opportunities than those that are born into poverty. No matter how people feel toward the choices that the parents made, we cant hold this against the child. One other thing society canà ­t do is simply hand out money or food stamps to the families of these children. Who knows where this money is going or what it is being used for? The food stamps could be intended to feed a baby, but instead they could be used to buy food or items that a child will never see. It is also all to common for parents living in poverty or on the streets to use what money they get for alcohol or cigarettes. Instead of handing out money to these people, they should be put i n treatment programs that could help them fight their addictions. This would be of great benefit to their children now and in the future. Not all mothers and fathers in need of assistance are going to be irresponsible with what they are given, but we ca n not take the chance of having the money wasted and the children neglected. Who wants the money that they worked for going to someone else, so that person does not have to work, yet still gets paid regularly just because they had a baby when they were n ot ready? As I stated before, not all parents living in poverty are irresponsible and many have legitimate reasons for being where they are. But because there are people who will take advantage of the system, we need to watch out for the children of tho seShow MoreRelatedAmerica Needs Better Funding For The Safety Net Programs1644 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, where the famous so-called â€Å"American Dream† was born, used to be the most influential nation in the world economy. However, since the Second World War, America’s economy has been in a free-fall. The â€Å"American Dream† is now only a remnant of long lost heydays. The reason why America has gotten to this dreadful situation may lie in the path that its government chose to develop. 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Employers signed more than 2.3 million agreements, covering 16.3 million employees. Employers agreed to a 35-40 hour workweek, with a minimum wage of $12 to $15 per week. In turn, busine sses who signed the agreement displayed a blue eagle over the motto â€Å"We do our partRead MoreQuestions and Answers by an Educator1462 Words   |  6 Pagesmisery of poverty not because they deserve it, but most likely as a consequence of birth† (p.233). Too often society and people in general think certain things because of stereotypes which isn’t fair. As an educational leader, it is easy to get sucked up in the stereotypes and the labeling. I have had the privilege of taking several classes on children in poverty and one of the biggest things that is always brought up is that 90% of the time these children will remain in the cycle of poverty. PeopleRead More Childhood Poverty Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesall the luxuries we ever wanted. On the flip side, in America there are also many people who do not have these privileges. The lower class is a struggling class. For many years, people have been trying to pull themselves up from the lower class and the majority does not succeed. Childhood poverty is a large problem in the U.S. It is said that the poorest people in the United States are the children of the lower class. Childhood poverty could lead to a number of problems such as hunger, violenceRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essays1358 Words   |  6 Pagespeople up for failure. On the other hand, Marian Wright Edelman points out in her article Teen Pregnancy in America Today that everyone - both liberals and conservatives should be able to agree that it is in everyone’s best interest when teenagers wait before making the decision to have sex, which could result in unplanned pregnancies. She points out that it is everyone’s responsibility to make an effort to support programs, which will educate and give teenagers positive, productive ways to fillRead MoreThe Great Depression : A Lesson1532 Words   |  7 PagesAMH2020 The Great Depression: A Lesson in the Making The Great Depression devastated an economy that was fighting to make its way back to the top, after a war that crippled the economy. The economy was booming, the jazz age started, and women became more liberated then ever. Americans were busy buying cars, appliances, and putting their money into the stock market. This was done with credit, businesses were booming, they made huge gains from 65 percent from the mechanization of manufacturing, theRead MoreGlobalization Of Food During The United States Of America, People Take Food For Granted1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States of America, people take food for granted. Anyone can go to the local grocery store or a farmers market and buy almost every type of food produced in the world. Globalization of food in first world countries has created â€Å"food scenes† in large metropolitan areas, and we can agree that this is spreading to smaller towns every day. Anyone can think of their favorite food and everyone would give a different response, whether it would be Mexican, Italian, or a local cuisine. This isRead MoreThe United States Food Stamp Program1708 Words   |  7 PagesAssistance Program (SNAP) recipient in New York receives around $30 a week to purchase food (â€Å"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program†). The food stamp program was made national by the Food Stamp Act of 1964 by President Lyndon. B. Johnson (â€Å"Food Stamps in the U.S†). Today, over 47.6 million Americans rely on the government to buy groceries (â€Å"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program†). The food stamp program is a staple part of our society. However, there was a time when the program was so unpopularRead More The Great Depression Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the lowest times in American history. Although this depression brought great poverty to some areas, most were not even phased by it. For some it brought extreme poverty for others who had little mon ey invested in banks or into the stock market, nothing really changed. It even seemed that those who were impacted the least, their changes would not occur until after the Depression was over. In fact some never even knew that there was a depression going on until it

The Creation of Excitement in Sports Commentaries Essay

Introduction: The 2012 London Olympics was a phenomenal media event, with the BBC reporting that 90% of the UK population tuned in to watch at least fifteen minutes of the television coverage. Televised sport regularly boasts impressive viewing figures, but the Olympic Games generally entices the public more than most, with people all over the world encapsulated by the international contests. On Saturday 11th August 2012, Mo Farah won the Olympic gold medal for the men’s 5000m race to secure a historic double triumph, and Britain erupted with pride. According to many theorists (Gantz 1981, Gantz and Wenner 1995 etc.), entertainment is the main reason why people watch sport, and the nature of the commentary which accompanies such occasions†¦show more content†¦In relation to sport, it could be argued that allegiances to certain sportspeople/teams are the reason why many watch and enjoy it its coverage (Zillmann, Bryant and Sapolsky 1989, and Raney 2006b). This application was later renamed the ‘Disposition Theory of Sports Spectatorship’ in Zillman and Paulus (1993). Finally, while commentators are normally restricted to objective, neutral reporting, when broadcasting an event involving a national team/figure to the country they represent, this practice may be temporarily abandoned. Theodoropolou (2008) has labelled this ‘Triumphalese’, and is clearly relevant to the Mo Farah commentary, where the BBC speaker is undoubtedly supporting the British athlete. Such emotional attachment can further increase spectator excitement, as the public can identify with the passion they hear. Commentary Analysis: ‘Triumphalese’ Theodoropolou coined the term ‘triumphalese’ when analysing Greek media coverage of their country’s surprising success at the 2004 European Championships. She noticed deviation from the standard broadcasting convention of impartiality, and highlighted a number of features which revealed commentator bias. The commentary of the Mo Farah race displays similar characteristics, especially the finalShow MoreRelatedOppression In Women1103 Words   |  5 Pagestheir personal brand. This double-bind leaves little room for individualism, and systemically folds an entire persona into a box (see oppression). This dynamic is prevalent across many social institutions, in particular the world of sports. Spectators of professional sports need to be held accountable for their oppressive interactions with athletes, specifically those who are women of color, because spectators allow internalized racism and misogyny to become a subtle agent of discrete oppression whenRead MoreA Stud y on Singapore Grand Prix13290 Words   |  54 Pagesto identify the advantages and disadvantages of Singapore’s staging of such an iconic event and whether we have the capabilities in regards to both internal and external factors to continue hosting the event and anchor it as one of the many premier sport event in the world. 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Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagesbest 9 Only strieter traffic laws can prevent accidents 10 Parents are too permissive with their children nowadays II 12 Advertisers perform a useful service to the community Pop stars certainly earn their money 13 Vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law 14 Transistor radios should be prohibited in public places 15 The only thing people are interested in today is earning more money 16 Compulsory military service should be abolished in all countries 17 Childhood is certainlyRead MoreProduct Placement10670 Words   |  43 Pagesof a film or television show is generally called brand integration. An early example of such brand integration was by Abercrombie Fitch when one of its stores provided the notional venue for part of the romantic-comedy film Mans Favourite Sport? (1964) starring Rock Hudson and Paula Prentiss. 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By altering the admission process to favor students who played a musical instrument or sports, Clough transformed the mood of the college. Students are more creative and have a higher rate of graduation. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels coauthored the Communist Manifesto, which has become one of the most influential politicalRead MoreIntercultural Communication of American Tv Series in China6643 Words   |  27 Pagestechnology have made it possible for previously stable cultures to meet in unstructured situations,In fact, American culture is through music, sports, movies and other means, more and more affecting the entire worlds cultural patterns. TV series are a type of mass media as well as artistic works which load the culture as one type of literary and artistic creation. It is a special type of language codes and important cultural carrier. 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Speech in Relation to Intelligence and Success - 2427 Words

Speech is an essential part of our everyday lifestyle, and it is likely that very few people stop to think about how much it influences their day. From waking up in the morning and greeting a sibling, spouse, or child, to interacting with coworkers at a job or students in a class, every individual uses speech in one way or another throughout his or her day. It forms such an important part of our lifestyles that without this essential part of communication, many would have difficulty getting their â€Å"needs, desires, perceptions, [or] knowledge† across to others in the world (â€Å"Guidelines†). Without this ability, it would be very hard indeed to know what another person thinks or needs. Because of this, many people within the population assume†¦show more content†¦While a person with speech difficulties may have trouble with the production of answers, it does not suggest that a person with a speech disorder will have lesser intelligence—nor does it s uggest the reverse, that a person with excellent speaking skills will have greater intelligence. It is entirely possible that a brilliant person would have a speech disorder. The skills of spoken speech do not correlate directly with levels of intelligence and chance of success, but there are those within the general population who hold this misconception because they perceive that spoken speech is indicative of intelligence and success. Because of this emphasis upon spoken speech, there can be the misconception that spoken ability directly correlates with measured intelligence levels, as well as assuming that it affects their personality and chance of success as well. In one particular study, the researchers found that within a certain population, the teaching staff perceived that children who had â€Å"trouble speaking† were seen as having a lower intellectual aptitude (Bleile, Mcgowan, and Bernthal 378). The study surveyed professionals within several different areas about the proficiency and intelligibility of a group ofShow MoreRelatedCultural Intelligence Of The Semrush American And Russian Managers And Its Impact On The Cross Cultural Communication1552 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons and explanations for the research on cultural intelligence of the SEMrush American and Russian managers and its impact on the cross-cultural communication within the company. The following literature review consists of three sections. The first section will focus on the concept of cultural intelligence, 4 factors model and training of cultural intelligence. 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With African Americans able to attend school following Emancipation, Washington worked hard to get an education. Race relations of the era and the challenges African Americans faced would come to inspire Washington to pursue teaching and advocacy. He would come to establish the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute and would play an influential role as a public advocateRead MoreJohn T. Washington Speech1413 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Leader Booker T. Washington delivered the opening address to an audience of predominantly white Americans, w hich became known as the Atlanta Compromise and became one of the most significant speeches in American history regarding race relations in America. It had been approximately thirty years since slavery was abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment and many black Americans were still experiencing racial discrimination in the form of â€Å"Black Codes† and â€Å"Jim Crow† laws, the Republican partyRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pageswho works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperative for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities? Ms. Chisolm explained that students with ID have certain limitations which are below- average intelligence level, lacking mental and physical and ad aptive skillsRead MoreMusic And Spatial Task Performance1604 Words   |  7 Pagesworld having been searching to discover if musical training or expertise truly increases your intelligence, and countless studies have been done in which the link between music and cognition or intelligence is closely examined. While great strides have been made and the findings are of significant value, the problem seems to be finding absolute causality between musical training and increased intelligence. Substantial evidence from many different studies has shown higher scores on tests involvingRead MoreEssay Factors Keeping China From Becoming Todays Super Power1058 Words   |  5 PagesThere are significant inhibiting factors keeping China from becoming today’s world power. One of the main arguments is that China’s economic success today is just a replica of the U.S.’ housing bubble before it crashed (Robinson). They are building faster than their expanding middle class can ke ep up with (Robinson), which was the exact problem the U.S. had right before the market crashed and they fell into a recession. China would have to slow their rapid expansion down in order to avoid crashing

Mba/ (Finance and Marketing)Fresher Free Essays

Vivek Ramachandran 10, Lakshmi Nivas, Mullai Street, K K Nagar, Chennai 600 063 Cell #: (91) 9566009700 Email: keviv88@gmail. com Career Objective To work in an Organization, where I can effectively blend my skills as a Management Professional coupled with my Mechanical Engineering Graduation, which will help me explore myself fully and realize my potential, with a zeal to work as a key player in a challenging creative environment. Qualification ? MBA (OPERATIONS / ERP) –FINAL YEAR ? B. We will write a custom essay sample on Mba/ (Finance and Marketing)Fresher or any similar topic only for you Order Now TECH (MECHANICAL) ENGINEER Academic qualification | |Year of |% | |Qualification |Institution |Study | | |MBA |SRM University, |2010-2012 |89%(up to 1st yr) | | |Chennai | | | |B. Tech |SRM University, Chennai | |79. 6% | |Mechanical Engineering | | | | | | |2006-2010   | | |HSC |Sri Sankara Vidyalaya, Chennai |2006 |66% | |SSLC |Sri Sankara Vidyalaya, Chennai |2004 |71% | Mini-Project (MBA) Title: â€Å"A Study of Manufacturing Operations involved in Hi-Tech Fabrication Facility† Company: Team co. Hi-tech Engineering ltd. Period: 2 months Title: â€Å"Crude oil-â€Å"Crude impact on Indian Economy† Under the Guidance of Dr. Samprasatha Joe Project (B. Tech) Title: â€Å"Optimization of Surface Characteristics using RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY for Ball and Roller Burnishing Process† Description: †¢ Ball and roller burnishing tool are used in CNC machining centre to super finish the milling process. †¢ The tool and work piece material are tungsten carbide and tool steel (T215CR12) respectively. †¢ The input parameters are feed, force, step-over, ball diameter, roller width, no of passes and speed. The output parameters are surface roughness and micro Vickers hardness. †¢ The characteristic of burnishing process is analyzed using ANOVA analysis. †¢ The output parameters are modeled and optimized using response surface methodology. †¢ Surface plots and Contour plots are plotted for the output parameters. †¢ SEM p hotographs are taken for milled and burnished surface. Training Summary (B. Tech) Company name: Ashokleyland, Chennai Duration : 2-weeks Areas covered : Engine Assembly, Chassis Assembly Company name: Diamond Engineering Ltd. , Vandalur Duration : 2-weeks Areas covered : Steel Fabrications, Dispatch Department Software’s known †¢ Implementation in SAP ERP (Materials Management) module. †¢ Operation knowledge of MS Excell, MS Access, MS Word, MS Power point. †¢ Basics in SPSS software. †¢ Operating Systems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  : Windows 7/XP. Strength †¢ Highly Determined, self motivated committed towards work. †¢ Willingness to learn. †¢ Eager to take up challenging opportunities in life. Extra-curricular activities †¢ Organizer for COMMUNE 2011,a national level event. †¢ Secured 1st place in DUMB-C at SAMS †¢ Secured 1st place inX-FACTOR in Millan 2010, a national level event. Participated in Aurush 2009, a national level event †¢ Certificate course in YOGA at SRM UNIVERSITY . Personal profile Name : R. VIVEK Sex/Status: Male/Single Nationality: Indian Language Known: English, Tamil Hobbies/Interests: Playing cricket, listening to music. DOB : 05th Dec 1988 Job Location : Anywhere in India Declaration I hereby declare that the above-mentioned information is correct up to my knowledge and I bear the responsibility for the correctness of the above-mentioned particulars. Place:  chennai  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (R. VIVEK) How to cite Mba/ (Finance and Marketing)Fresher, Papers

Burns and Stalker Essay Example For Students

Burns and Stalker Essay CHAPTER 8 Burns and Stalker, The Management of Innovation* . . . The utility of the notions of â€Å"mechanistic† and â€Å"organic† management systems resides largely in their being related as dependent variables to the rate of â€Å"environmental† change. â€Å"Environmental,† in this connection, refers to the technological basis of production and to the market situation. . . . The increasing rate of technological change characteristic of the last generation could plausibly be regarded as a function of fundamental changes in the relationship of production to consumption. If the form of management is properly to be seen as dependent on the situation the concern is trying to meet, it follows that there is no single set of principles for â€Å"good organization,† an ideal type of management system which can serve as a model to which administrative practice should, or could in time, approximate. It follows also that there is an overriding management task in first interpreting correctly the market and technological situation, in terms of its instability or of the rate at which conditions are changing, and then designing the management system appropriate to the conditions, and making it work. Direction,† as I have labelled this activity, is the distinctive task of managers-in-chief. . . . For the individual, much of the importance of the difference between mechanistic and organic systems lies in the extent of his commitment to the working organization. Mechanistic systems (namely â€Å"bureaucracies†) define his functions, together with the methods, responsibilities, and powers appropriate to them; in other words, however, this means that boundaries are set. That is to say, in being told what he has to attend to, and how, he is also told what he does not have to bother with, what is not his affair, what is not expected of him, what he can post *Excerpted with permission of the publisher from The Management of Innovation, by T. Burns and G. M. Stalker, 1961, London: Tavistock. 103 104 PART V OPEN SYSTEM RATIONAL MODELS elsewhere as the responsibility of others. In organic systems, the boundaries of feasible demands on the individual disappear. The greatest stress is placed on his regarding himself as fully implicated in the discharge of any task appearing over his horizon, as involved not merely in the exercise of a special competence but in commitment to the success of the concern’s undertakings approximating somewhat to that of the doctor or scientist in the discharge of his professional functions. . . . Mechanistic and Organic Systems We are now at the point at which we may set down the outline of the two management systems which represent for us . . . the two polar extremities of the forms which such systems can take when they are adapted to a specific rate of technical and commercial change. The case we have tried to establish from the literature, as from our research experience . . . , is that the different forms assumed by a working organization do exist objectively and are not merely interpretations offered by observers of different schools. Both types represent a â€Å"rational† form of organization, in that they may both, in our experience, be explicitly and deliberately created and maintained to exploit the human resources of a concern in the most efficient manner feasible in the circumstances of the concern. Not surprisingly, however, each exhibits characteristics which have been hitherto associated with different kinds of interpretation. For it is our contention that empirical findings have usually been classified according to sociological ideology rather than according to the functional specificity of the working organization to its task and the conditions confronting it. We have tried to argue that these are two formally contrasted forms of management system. These we shall call the mechanistic and organic form. A mechanistic management system is appropriate to stable conditions. It is characterized by: 1. The specialized differentiation of functional tasks into which the problems and tasks facing the concern as a whole are broken down. 2. The abstract nature of each individual task, which is pursued with techniques and purposes more or less distinct from those of the concern as a whole (i. e. the functionaries tend to pursue the technical improvement of means, rather than the accomplishment of the ends of the concern). 3. The reconciliation, for each level in the hierarchy, of these distinct performances by the immediate superiors, who are also, in turn, responsible for seeing that each is relevant in his own special part of the task. 4. The precise definition of rights and obligations and technical methods attached to each functional role. 5. The t ranslation of rights and obligations and methods into the responsibilities of a functional position. The Management of Innovation 105 6. Hierarchic structure of control, authority, and communication. 7. A reinforcement of the hierarchic structure by the location of knowledge of actualities exclusively at the top of the hierarchy, where the final reconciliation of distinct tasks and assessment of relevance is made. 8. A tendency for interaction between members of the concern to be vertical (i. e. , between superior and subordinate). 9. A tendency for operations and working behavior to be governed by the instructions and decisions issued by superiors. 10. Insistence on loyalty to the concern and obedience to superiors as a condition of membership. 11. A greater importance and prestige attaching to internal (local) than to general (cosmopolitan) knowledge, experience, and skill. The organic form is appropriate to changing conditions, which give rise constantly to fresh problems and unforeseen requirements for action which cannot be broken down or distributed automatically arising from the functional roles defined within a hierarchic structure. It is characterized by: 1. The contributive nature of special knowledge and experience to the common task of the concern. . The â€Å"realistic† nature of the individual task, which is seen as set by the total situation of the concern. 3. The adjustment and continual re-definition of individual tasks through interaction with others. 4. The shedding of â€Å"responsibility† as a limited field of rights, obligations, and methods. (Problems may not be posted upwards, downwards, or side ways as being someone else’s responsibility. ) 5. The spread of commitment to concern beyond any technical definition. 6. A network structure of control, authority, and communication. Mill’s Utilitarianism: Sacrifice the Innocent For Essay ThesisIs he the kind of man who thinks 8:00 is the time . . . ? Does he think that 8:15 is all right occasionally if it is not a regular thing? Does he think that everyone should be allowed a 5-minutes grace after 8:00 but after that they are late? Settling questions about how a person’s job is to be done in this way is nevertheless simple, direct, and economical of effort. . . . One other feature of mechanistic organization needs emphasis. It is a necessary condition of its operation that the individual â€Å"works on his own,† functionally isolated; he â€Å"knows his job,† he is â€Å"responsible for seeing it’s done. He works at a job which is in a sense artificially abstracted from the realities of the situation the concern is dealing with, the accountant â€Å"dealing with the costs side,† the works manager â€Å"pushing production,† and so on. As this works out in practi ce, the rest of the organization becomes part of the problem situation the individual has to deal with in order to perform successfully (i. e. , difficulties and problems arising from work or information which has been handed over the â€Å"responsibility barrier† between two jobs or departments are regarded as â€Å"really† the responsibility of the person from whom they were received). As a design engineer put it, â€Å"When you get designers handing over designs completely to production, it’s their responsibility now. And you get tennis games played with the responsibility for anything that goes wrong. What happens is that you’re constantly getting unsuspected faults arising from characteristics which you didn’t think important in the design. If you get to hear of these through a sales person, or a production person or somebody to whom the design was handed over to in the dim past, then, instead of being a design problem, it’s an annoyance caused by that particular person, who can’t do his own job—because 08 PART V OPEN SYSTEM RATIONAL MODELS you’d thought you were finished with that one, and you’re on to something else now. † When the assumptions of the form of organization make for preoccupation with specialized tasks, the chances of career success, or of greater influence, depend rather on the relat ive importance which may be attached to each special function by the superior whose task it is to reconcile and control a number of them. And, indeed, to press the claims of one’s job or department for a bigger share of the firm’s resources is in many cases regarded as a mark of initiative, of effectiveness, and even of â€Å"loyalty to the firm’s interests. † The state of affairs thus engendered squares with the role of the superior, the man who can see the wood instead of just the trees, and gives it the reinforcement of the aloof detachment belonging to a court of appeal. The ordinary relationship prevailing between individual managers â€Å"in charge of † different functions is one of rivalry, a rivalry which may be rendered innocuous to the persons involved by personal friendship or the norms of sociability, but which turns discussion about the situations which constitute the real problems of the concern—how to make products more cheaply, how to sell more, how to allocate resources, whether to curtail activity in one sector, whether to risk expansion in another, and so on—into an arena of conflicting interests. The distinctive feature of the second, organic system is the pervasiveness of the working organization as an institution. In concrete terms, this makes itself felt in preparedness to combine with others in serving the general aims of the concern. Proportionately to the rate and extent of change, the less can the omniscience appropriate to command organizations be ascribed to the head of the organization; for executives, and even operatives, in a changing firm it is always theirs to reason why. Furthermore, the less definition can be given to status, roles, and modes of communication, the more do the activities of each member of the organization become determined by the real tasks of the firm as he sees them than by instruction and routine. The individual’s job ceases to be self-contained; the only way in which â€Å"his† job can be done is by his participating continually with others in the solution of problems which are real to the firm, and put in a language of requirements and activities meaningful to them all. Such methods of working put much heavier demands on the individual. . . . We have endeavored to stress the appropriateness of each system to its own specific set of conditions. Equally, we desire to avoid the suggestion that either system is superior under all circumstances to the other. In particular, nothing in our experience justifies the assumption that mechanistic systems should be superseded by organic in conditions of stability. The beginning of administrative wisdom is the awareness that there is no optimum type of management system.

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been free essay sample

An innocent young girl is seduced by way of her own vanity† and that â€Å"she confuses death for erotic romance† (419). Oates clearly defines her point when Connie first discovers Arnold Friend at the drive in diner. She catches Friend staring at her with a big smile and Connie â€Å"slit her eyes at him and turned away, but she couldn’t help looking back† (409). The fact that Connie â€Å"slits† her eyes and â€Å"couldn’t help looking back† (409) shows that she is interested, but does not want to put her true feelings on display. Her more erotic interest comes in the form of his style and physical appearance. Oates illustrates this by using diction and imagery; â€Å"she liked the way he dressed† and Connie noticing â€Å"the small hard muscles of his arms and shoulders† (419) when Friend First appears at her house. Unlike Connie, the reader sees Arnold Friend in all of his depravity, we see him as the predator. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He displays this at the drive in by â€Å" waving his finger and laughing† and saying â€Å"Gonna get you baby† (409). Oates again uses carefully thought out word choice to prognosticate that we could see Friend later in the story to possibly confront Connie in a derogatory way. In this way, we can see that Connie is both seduced by way of her own vanity† and that â€Å"she confuses death for erotic romance† (419). Oates demonstrates how Connie’s life can be seen in two different lights or two sides, â€Å"everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home† (408). Her life at home was unusual, Connie’s mother is jealous of her beauty and always scalding her about everything. Though Connie’s mother once encompassed external beauty, her looks had dissipated over time.. Her mother finds anyway possible to negatively comment about her, always using her older sister June as an example of how she should live her life. June becomes Connie’s mothers assault weapon because she is not a threat, as described by Oates, June is â€Å"twenty four and still lives at home† and â€Å"so plain and chunky† (407). This fed Connie’s confidence because she â€Å"thought her mother preferred her to June because she was prettier† (409). Connie led a pessimistic life with an attitude, she had no one there whom she felt the need to impress. When she was anywhere else besides her house, everything was different, her clothes, her walk, and even her laugh. â€Å" she wore a pullover that looked one way at home and another way when she was away from home† (408). It was all about impressing, showing off, and being someone she wanted to be, but wasn’t. When Connie was out the house, most likely at the mall or drive in diner, her life turned into a movie, where all reality was turned into a dream. This is evident when she â€Å"goes down an alley a mile or so away† (409) with a boy named Eddie and later remembers the experience as â€Å"sweet and gentle, the way it was promised in movies and songs† (410). Arnold Friend sees right through Connie, for who she really is, a pretty, young, and insecure girl. Connie gets all the attention that she craves, but the moment Friend takes off his glasses, she notices that he is much older than was previously thought. Panic starts to set in when Friend and Ellie won’t leave her house. Friend knows about all her family and friends and where they all are. He starts to come on stronger with every word as he states â€Å"I’m your lover. You don’t know it now, but you will† and later â€Å"I’m always nice at first, the first time. †(414). This is implying that everything is alright now or â€Å"the first time† (414) but is suggesting something bad will happen later. At this moment Connie looses all of her cockiness and vanity and gets a reality check, she is no longer living in a dream, her stress becomes real. She notices everything around her as if she’s never seen it before, as illustrated by Oates â€Å"The kitchen looked like a place she had never seen before, some room she had run inside but which wasn’t good enough† (415). Friend never looses his composure, he is calm, almost sadistic, he promises her he will not enter the house as long as she doesn’t pick up the phone. Finally, Friend threatens Connie’s family, but nothing will happen, so long as Connie goes with him. Connie realizes when Friend says â€Å"The place you came from ain’t there anymore, and where you in mind to go is canceled out. (417) she will not be coming back. All of her pervious vanities are stripped as she makes a generous sacrifice to save the lives of her family. Oates describes distillation; â€Å"Connie is shallow, vain, silly, and hopeful-but capable nonetheless of an unexpected gesture of heroism† (419). Connie surprises us all with her heroism, she ends he r life deep and pure, not shallow and vane as once conceived. Even after her whole world comes crashing down with all of Connie’s insecurities showing, she makes a choice that was thought implausible.

Historical Profile of the Visigoths

Historical Profile of the Visigoths The Visigoths were a Germanic group considered to have separated from other Goths around the fourth century, when they moved from Dacia (now in Romania) into the Roman Empire. Over time they moved further west, into and down Italy, then to Spain where many settled and back east again into Gaul (now France). The Spanish kingdom remained until the early eighth century when they were conquered by Muslim invaders. East-German Immigrant Origins The Visigoths origins were with the Theruingi, a group comprised of several peoples Slavs, Germans, Sarmatians, and others under the recently acquired leadership of Gothic Germans. They came to historical prominence when they moved, along with the Greuthungi, from Dacia, across the Danube, and into the Roman Empire, possibly because of pressure from Huns attacking westwards. There may have been approximately 200,000 of them. The Theruingi were â€Å"allowed† into the empire and settled in return for military service, but rebelled against Roman strictures, thanks to the greed and mistreatment of local Roman commanders, and began plundering the Balkans. In 378 CE they met and defeated the Roman Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, killing him in the process. In 382 the next Emperor, Theodosius, tried a different tactic, settling them in the Balkans as federates and tasking them with the defense of the frontier. Theodosius also used the Goths in his armies on campaign elsewhere. During this period they converted to Arian Christianity. The Visigoths Rise At the end of the fourth century a confederation of Theruingi and Greuthungi, plus their subject people, led by Alaric became known as the Visigoths (although they may only have considered themselves Goths) and began moving again, first to Greece and then into Italy, which they raided on numerous occasions. Alaric played off rival sides of the Empire, a tactic which included plundering, in order to secure a title for himself and regular supplies of food and cash for his people (who had no land of their own). In 410 they even sacked Rome. They decided to try for Africa, but Alaric died before they could move. Alaric’s successor, Ataulphus, then led them west, where they settled in Spain and part of Gaul. Shortly after they were asked back east by the future emperor Constantius III, who settled them as federates in Aquitania Secunda, now in France. During this period, Theodoric, who we now regard as their first proper king emerged, who ruled until he was killed at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451. The Kingdom of the Visigoths In 475, Theodoric’s son and successor, Euric, declared the Visigoths independent of Rome. Under him, the Visigoths codified their laws, in Latin, and saw their Gallic lands to their widest extent. However, the Visigoths came under pressure from the growing Frankish kingdom and in 507 Euric’s successor, Alaric II, was defeated and killed at the Battle of Poitiers by Clovis. Consequently, the Visigoths lost all of their Gallic lands bar a thin southern strip called Septimania. Their remaining kingdom was much of Spain, with a capital at Toledo. Holding together the Iberian Peninsula under one central government has been called a remarkable achievement given the diverse nature of the region. This was helped by the conversion in the sixth century of the royal family and leading bishops to Catholic Christianity. There were splits and rebel forces, including a Byzantine region of Spain, but they were overcome. Defeat and End of the Kingdom In the early eighth century, Spain came under pressure from Umayyad Muslim forces, which defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete and within a decade had captured much of the Iberian peninsula. Some fled to the Frankish lands, some remained settled and others found the northern Spanish kingdom of Asturias, but the Visigoths as a nation ended. The end of the Visigothic kingdom was once blamed on them being decadent, easily collapsing once they were attacked, but this theory is now rejected and historians still search for the answer to this day.